The FactSage FScopp copper alloy database
TO OBTAIN :
- A LIST OF all the unary, binary AND ternary SYSTEMS WHICH HAVE BEEN ASSESSED
- A LIST OF ALL ASSESSED phases IN EACH OF THE SYSTEMS
- A CALCULATED PHASE DIAGRAM FOR EACH OF THE LISTED BINARY SYSTEMS
- ASSiSTANCE WITH PHASE SELECTION
CLICK ON “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams.”
The FactSage FScopp copper alloy database is directed primarily to the liquid state of copper-rich alloys, for which a large amount of assessed thermodynamic data is already available. It is based on relevant sub-systems from the old SGTE Solution Database, but now incorporating updates of those systems as well as many new published assessments. Data compiled by Coursol for the Cu-rich liquid phase [1] have also been incorporated.
While the optimized thermodynamic parameters contained in FScopp are intended primarily to provide a sound basis for calculations relating to copper production and refining, copper-rich solid phases are also included in the database. This makes possible the calculation of liquidus temperatures and solidification characteristics relevant to the casting of certain copper-rich alloys, although, because of the more limited amount of assessed data for solid ternary and higher-order phases available, the results should be treated with caution.
Please note that the FScopp database is a self-consistently evaluated database designed to be used independently of any other. Considerable caution must be exercised if it is used in conjunction with other FactSage databases.
The elements included as alloying components of copper are:
Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Be, Bi, C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Fe,
Ga, Ge, In, Li, Mg, Mn, Nb, Nd, Ni, O, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Pr,
S, Sb, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, Tl, V, Y, Zn, Zr
Specific information on each alloy system can be obtained from the list of references supplied further below.
[1] P.Coursol, Report from CRCT, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, August 2001.
As mentioned above, the database is intended primarily for calculations relating to
Cu-rich liquid alloys. However, some uses may involve relatively large concentrations of the alloying elements present. For this reason, and with the exception of alloys of Cu with Cd, Ga, Ge, O, P, Pd, Pt, S, Se and Te, all the copper binary systems are described over all ranges of composition and temperature, i.e. the assessed data provide a good description of the complete phase diagram and thermodynamic properties for the binary alloy system concerned.
Ternary interaction parameters have been assessed for only a few Cu-rich Cu-A-B ternary systems. The number of such assessed parameters is particularly limited in the case of solid phases. Many other ternary interactions in Cu-rich Cu-A-B solutions are estimated, using the appropriate models, from the assessed binary parameters for Cu-free A-B phases. Note that calculation of phase boundaries in higher-order systems may give very unreliable results when the ternary interaction parameters for the solid solutions are estimated by combination of such binary parameters.
The database is generally valid for the temperature range of approximately 400oC to 1600oC.
In the assessments, the liquid phase has been described using a simple polynomial expression. The fcc Cu-rich phase has been described as a substitutional solid solution and several other non-stoichiometric intermetallic phases have been described using a sublattice model.
Cu-Ag Cu-Al Cu-As Cu-Au Cu-Ba Cu-Be Cu-Bi Cu-C Cu-Ca Cu-Ce
Cu-Co Cu-Cr Cu-Fe Cu-In Cu-Li Cu-Mg Cu-Mn Cu-Nb Cu-Nd Cu-Ni
Cu-O Cu-P Cu-Pb Cu-Pr Cu-S Cu-Sb Cu-Se Cu-Si Cu-Sm Cu-Sn Cu-Sr
Cu-Ti Cu-Tl Cu-V Cu-Y Cu-Zn Cu-Zr
(assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Cu-Ag-Pb Cu-Al-Mg Cu-Al-Si Cu-Al-Sn Cu-Al-Zn Cu-As-Pb Cu-Au-Pb
Cu-Cu2O-O Cu-Bi-Pb Cu-Fe-Ni Cu-Fe-P Cu-Fe-Pb Cu-Mg-Ni Cu-Mg-Si
Cu-Mg-Y Cu-Mg-Zn Cu-Ni-Si Cu-P-Sn Cu-Pb-Sb Cu-Pb-Sn Cu-Pb-Zn
Cu-Sn-Zn
Other assessed binary interaction parameters from which ternary interactions in Cu-rich systems are estimated (assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Ag-Al Ag-Au Ag-Bi Ag-In Ag-Mg Ag-Pb Ag-Sb Ag-Si Ag-Sn Ag-Ti
Ag-Tl Ag-Zn Ag-Zr Al-As Al-Au Al-Bi Al-Co Al-Cr Al-Fe Al-In Al-Mg
Al-Mn Al-Nb Al-Ni Al-P Al-Pb Al-Sb Al-Si Al-Sn Al-Ta Al-Ti Al-V Al-Y
Al-Zn Al-Zr As-Au As-In As-Pb As-Sb Au-Bi Au-Cr Au-In Au-Pb Au-Sb
Au-Si Au-Sn Au-Ti Au-Tl Bi-In Bi-Pb Bi-Sb Bi-Si Bi-Sn Bi-Zn Co-Cr
Co-Fe Co-Mn Co-Nb Co-Ni Co-Si Co-Ti Cr-Fe Cr-Mg Cr-Mn Cr-Nb
Cr-Ni Cr-P Cr-Si Cr-Ti Cr-V Cr-Zn Cr-Zr Fe-Mg Fe-Mn Fe-Nb Fe-Ni
Fe-P Fe-Pb Fe-Sb Fe-Si Fe-Sn Fe-Ti Fe-V Fe-Zn Fe-Zr In-P In-Pb
In-Sb In-Si In-Sn In-Zn Mg-Mn Mg-Ni Mg-Si Mg-Y Mg-Zn Mg-Zr
Mn-Ni Mn-Pb Mn-Si Mn-Ti Mn-V Mn-Zr Nb-Ti Nb-V Nb-Zr Ni-P Ni-Si
Ni-Ti Ni-V Ni-Y Ni-Zr P-Sb P-Si Pb-Sb Pb-Si Pb-Sn Pb-Zn Sb-Si Sb-Sn
Sb-Zn Si-Sn Si-Ti Si-V Si-Y Si-Zn Si-Zr Sn-Ti Sn-Zn Sn-Zr Ti-V Ti-Zr
V-Zr Y-Zr
Other assessed ternary interaction parameters from which quaternary interactions in Cu-rich systems are estimated (assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Al-Mg-Si Al-Mg-Zn Al-Si-Zn Al-Sn-Zn Au-In-Pb Cr-Fe-Ni Cr-Fe-V Fe-Mn-Si
Fe-Ni-P
The phase diagrams of all the copper-containing binary systems listed above have been checked using FactSage.
If there is the possibility of a miscibility gap occurring in either the LIQUID and/or the FCC phase, the I-option should be used in selecting that phase for the calculations.
References
Pure Element Data
A.T.Dinsdale, SGTE Data for Pure Elements, Calphad 15 (1991) 317-425
Cu-Ag: H.-L.Lukas, private comunication to SGTE, 1998
Cu-Al: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.28-33
Cu-As: M.Hamalainen, private communication
Cu-Au: B.Sundman, S.G.Fries, A.Oates, Calphad 22 (1998) 335-354
Cu-Ba: R.Konetzki, R.Schmid-Fetzer, A.Watson, B.Argent, S.G.Fries, H.L.Lukas
Z.Metallkde. 84 (1993) 569-573.
Cu-Be: P.J.Spencer, assessment, 2003.
Cu-Bi: O.Teppo, J.Niemela, P.Taskinen, Report TKK-V-B50, Helsinki Univ.Tech., 1989.
Cu-C: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-Ca: D.Risold, B.Hallstedt, L.J.Gauckler, H.L.Lukas, S.G.Fries, Calphad 20 (1996) 151-160
Cu-Cd: P.Coursol, Report from CRCT, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, August 2001.
Cu-Ce: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-Co: P.J.Spencer - L.Kaufman interaction parameters with SGTE element data.
Cu-Cr: K.Zeng, M.Hamalainen, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.141-142
Cu-Fe: I.Ansara, A.Jansson, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.165-167
Cu-Ga: G.K.Sigworth, J.F.Elliott, Canad.Met.Quarterly 13 (1974) 455-461.
Cu-Ge: G.K.Sigworth, J.F.Elliott, Canad.Met.Quarterly 13 (1974) 455-461.
Cu-In: C.R.Kao, A.Bolcavage et al, J Phase Equilibria 14 (1993) 22-30
Cu-Li: N Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p 168-169
Cu-Mg: C.A.Coughnanowr, I.Ansara, R.Luoma, at al. Z.Metallkde. 82 (1991) 574-581
Cu-Mn: S.G.Fries, private communication, 2002
Cu-Nb: Byeong Joo Lee database, private comunication to SGTE 1999
Cu-Nd: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-Ni: S.an Mey, Calphad 16 (1992) 255-260
Cu-O: K.Hack, based on work of R.Schmid-Fetzer, ca.1993
Cu-P: Byeong Joo Lee database, private comunication to SGTE 1999
Cu-Pb: Provided by I Ansara to SGTE 1999
Cu-Pd: G.K.Sigworth, J.F.Elliott, Canad.Met.Quarterly 13 (1974) 455-461.
Cu-Pt: G.K.Sigworth, J.F.Elliott, Canad.Met.Quarterly 13 (1974) 455-461.
Cu-Pr: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-S: P.J.Spencer, 2003.
Cu-Sb: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-Se: P.J.Spencer, estimate, 2004.
Cu-Si: M.Jacobs, T.Buhler, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.178-181
Cu-Sm: SGTE Solution Database, 2004.
Cu-Sn: J.H.Shim, C.S.Oh, B.J.Lee, D.N.Lee, Z.Metallkde. 87 (1996) 205-212
Cu-Sr: D.Risold, B.Hallstedt, L.J.Gauckler, H.L.Lukas, S.G.Fries, Calphad 20 (1996) 151-160
Cu-Te: P.Coursol, Report from CRCT, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, August 2001.
Cu-Ti: H.C.Hari Kumar, I.Ansara, P.Wollants, L.Delaey, Z.Metallkde., 87 (1996) 666-672
Cu-Tl: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 156 (1989) 383-392
Cu-V: Byeong Joo Lee database, private comunication to SGTE 1999
Cu-Y: S.G.Fries, H.L.Lukas, R.Konetzki, R.Schmid-Fetzer, J.Phase Equi.15 (1994) 606-614.
Cu-Zn: M.Kowalski, P.J.Spencer, J.Phase Equilibria 14 (1993) 432-438
Cu-Zr: K.J.Zeng, M.Hamalainen, H.-L.Lukas, J.Phase Equilibria. 15 (1994) 577-583
Ternary Interaction Parameters in Cu-rich Systems– (assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Cu-Ag-Pb: F.H.Hayes, H.L.Lukas, G.Effenberg, G.Petzow, Z Metallkde 77 (1986) 749-754.
Cu-Al-Mg: T.Buhler, S.G.Fries, P.J.Spencer, H.L.Lukas, J.Phase Equi.19 (1998) 317-333;
modified by MPI fuer Metallforschung, PML, Stuttgart, January 1999.
Cu-Al-Si: T.Buehler, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p.315. (No ternary coeffs.)
Cu-Al-Sn: P.J.Spencer, unpublished approx. evaluation, 1992.
Cu-Al-Zn: Inaki Hurtado, LTH, RWTH Aachen, 1996;
H.Liang, Y.A.Chang, J.Phase Equilibria 19 (1998) 25-37.
Cu-Cu2O-O: SGTE Solution Database, 1995.
Cu-Fe-Ni: A.Jansson, TRITA-MAC 340, 1987
Cu-Fe-P: SGTE Solution Database, 1991.
Cu-Mg-Ni: M.H.G.Jacobs, P.J.Spencer, unpublished work, 1998.
Cu-Mg-Y: T.Buehler, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p.359. (No ternary coeffs.)
Cu-Mg-Si: T.Buehler, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p.360-362.
Cu-Mg-Zn: P.Liang et al. Calphad 23 (1999); update of Cu-Mg and Cu-Zn,
MPI fuer Metallforsch., PML, Stuttgart, private communication, 1998
Cu-Ni-Si: S.an Mey, unpublished work, LTH RWTH-Aachen, 1986.
Cu-Pb-Zn: T.Jantzen, P.J.Spencer, Calphad 22 (1998) 417-434
Cu-Sn-P: J.Miettinen, 2001
Cu-Sn-Zn: T.Jantzen, P.J.Spencer, Calphad 22 (1998) 417-434
Other Binary Parameters (assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Ag-Al: S.S.Lim, P.L.Rossiter, J.W.Tibbals, Calphad 19 (1995) 131-142
Ag-Au: S.Hassam, J.Agren, M.Gaune-Escard, J.P.Bros, Met.Trans. 21A (1990) 1877-1884
Ag-Bi: J.Assal, B.Hallstedt, L.J.Gauckler, J.Amer.Ceram.Soc. 82 (1999) 711-715
Ag-In: P.Y.Chevalier, E.Fischer, private Communication, 1998:
A.T.Dinsdale - modification to icorporate latest fcc data for In, Feb, 1999.
Ag-Mg: P.J.Spencer, June 1998
Ag-Pb: H.-L. Lukas, 1998
Ag-Sb: C.S.Oh, J.H.Shim, B.J.Lee, D.N.Lee, J.Alloys & Cpds. 238 (1996) 155-166
Ag-Si: S.Hassam, J.Agren, M.Gaune-Escard, J.P.Bros, Met.Trans. 21A (1990) 1877-1884
Ag-Sn: B.J.Lee, update of work by C.S.Oh, J.H.Shim, B.J.Lee, D.N.Lee,
J.Alloys & Compounds 238 (1996) 155-166
Ag-Ti: P.J.Spencer, July 1998
Ag-Tl: H.-L. Lukas, reassessment based on of Zimmerman’s thesis, 1976
Ag-Zn: T.Gomez-Acebo, Calphad 22 (1998) 203-220
Ag-Zr: P.J.Spencer, July 1998
Al-As: I.Ansara, D.Dutartre, Calphad 8 (1984) 323-342
Al:Au: J.Murray, H.Okamoto, T.B.Massalski, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags.8 (1987) 20-30
(Modified by A.T.Dinsdale to give compatibility with SGTE unary data and to prevent
high-temp. stability of fcc)
Al-Bi: A.J.McAlister, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags. 5 (1984) 247-250
Al-Co: Based on N.Dupin, I.Ansara, Rev. de Met. 9 (1998) 1121-1129
Al-Cr: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, 23-27;
based on: Z Metallkde. 78 (1987) 795-801
Al-Fe: M.Seiersten, Sintef report STF28F93051, 1993
Al-In: C.Coughanowr, Calphad 18 (1994) 184
Al-Mg: P.Liang, H.L.Su, P.Donnadieu, M.G.Harmelin, A.Quivy, G.Effenberg, H.J.Seifert,
H.-L.Lukas, F.Aldinger, Z. Metallkde. 89 (1998) 536-540
Al-Mn: A.Jansson, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.54-58
Al-Nb: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p. 69-74
Al-Ni: I.Ansara, N.Dupin, H.-L. Lukas, B.Sundman, J.Alloys and Cpds. 247 (1997) 20-30
Al-P: H.-L. Lukas, Calphad 18 (1994) 185
Al-Pb: S.K.Yu, F.Sommer, B.Predel, Z. Metallkde. 87 (1996) 574-580
Al-Sb: C.A.Coughanowr, U.R.Kattner, T.J.Anderson, Calphad 14 (1990) 193-202
Al-Si: H.Feufel, T.Godecke, H.-L.Lukas, F.Sommer, J.Alloys and Cpds. 247 (1997) 31-42
Al-Sn: S.G.Fries, H.-L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.81-82
Al-Ta: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.83-88
Al-Ti: N Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.89-94
Al-V: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.95-98
Al-Y: H.L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p 99-102.
Al-Zn: S.an Mey, Z.Metallkde. 84 (1993) 451-455
Al-Zr: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.112-116
As-Au: P.J.Spencer, June 1998
As-In: C.Chatillon, I.Ansara, A.Watson, B.B.Argent, Calphad 14 (1990) 203-214
As-Pb: M.Hamalainen, private communication
As-Sb: H.Ohtani, Calphad 18 (1994) 196
Au-Bi: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 136 (1988) 15-24
Au-Cr: P.J.Spencer, June 1998
Au-In: I.Ansara, J.P.Nabot, Calphad 16 (1992) 13-18
Au-Pb: J.P.Nabot, Thesis, Grenoble,1986
Au-Sb: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 155 (1989) 211-225
Au-Si: P.Y.Chevalier, private communication to SGTE, July 1998
Au-Sn: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 130 (1988) 1-13
Au-Ti: P.J.Spencer, July 1998
Au-Tl: P.Y.Chevalier, Thermochimica Acta 155 (1989) 211-225
Bi-In: D.Boa, I.Ansara, Thermochimica Acta 314 (1998) 79-86
Bi-Pb: D.Boa, I.Ansara, Thermochimica Acta 314 (1998) 79-86
Bi-Sb: H.Ohtani, K.Ishida, J.Electronic Mater. 23 (1994) 747-755
Bi-Si: R.W.Olesinski, G.J.Abbaschian, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags. 6 (1985) 359-361
Bi-Sn: H.Ohtani, K.Ishida, J.Electronic Mater. 23 (1994) 747-755
Bi-Zn: C.Girard, Thesis, Marseille, 1985
Co-Cr: A.Kusoffsky, B.Jansson, Calphad 21 (1997) 321-333
Co-Fe: A.F.Guillermet, High Temp. High Press. 19 (1988) 477-499
Co-Mn: W.Huang, Calphad 13 (1989) 231-242
Co-Nb: K.C.H.Kumar, I.Ansara, P.Wollants, L.Delaey, J.Alloys and Cpds. 267 (1998) 105-112
Co-Ni: A.F.Guillermet, Z.Metallkde. 78 (1987) 639-647; Z.Metallkde. 79 (1988) 524-536
Co-Si: S.D.Choi, Calphad 16 (1992) 151-159.
Co-Ti: G.Cacciamani, R.Ferro, I.Ansara, N.Dupin, submitted to "Intermetallics", 1999.
Cr-Fe: J.O.Andersson, B Sundman, Calphad 11 (1987) 83-92;
B.J.Lee, Calphad 17 (1993) 251-268
Cr-Mg: I.Ansara, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.143-144
Cr-Mn: B.J.Lee, Metall.Trans.24A (1993) 1919
Cr-Nb: J.G.Costa Neto, S.G.Fries, H.-L.Lukas, Calphad 17 (1993) 219-228
Cr-Ni: B.J.Lee, Calphad 16 (1992) 121-149
Cr-P: NPL, unpublished work, 1989
Cr-Si: C.A.Coughanowr, I.Ansara, H.-L.Lukas, Calphad 18 (1994) 125-140
Cr-Ti: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1994) ISBN 2-87263-156-9, p.103
Cr-V: B.J.Lee, Z.Metallkde 83 (1992) 292-299
Cr-Zn: I.Ansara, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.158-160
Cr-Zr: K.Zeng, M.Hamalainen, I.Ansara, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p 161-164
Fe-Mg: J.Tibballs, COST 507 (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.195-196
Fe-Mn: W.Huang, Calphad 13 (1989) 243-252
Fe-Nb: W Huang, Z Metallkde 81 (1990) 397-404
Fe-Ni: A.Dinsdale, T.Chart, NPL, unpublished work, 1986: I.Ansara - fcc ordering
Fe-P: P.Gustafson, IM-2549 report, 1990: B. J. Lee, private comunication to SGTE 1999
Fe-Pb: A.T.Dinsdale, D.D.Gohil, NPL, unpublished work, 1987
Fe-Sb: P.J.Spencer, 1998
Fe-Si: J.Lacaze, B.Sundman, Met.Trans.22A (1991) 2211-2223
Fe-Sn: K.C.H.Kumar, P.Wollants, L.Delaey, Calphad 20 (1996) 139-149
Fe-Ti: L.F.S.Dumitrescu, M.Hillert and N.Saunders, J.Phase Equilibria 19 (1998) 441-448
Fe-V: W.Huang, Z.Metallkde 82 (1991) 391-401
Fe-Zn: S.Petersen, P.J.Spencer, K.Hack, Thermochem.Acta 129 (1988) 77-87;
(later modifications by M.Jacobs)
Fe-Zr: C.Servant, C.Gueneau, I.Ansara, J.Alloys and Cpds. 247 (1995) 19-26
In-P: I.Ansara, C.Chatillon, Calphad 18 (1994) 204
In-Pb: D.Boa, I.Ansara, Thermochimica Acta 314 (1998) 79-86
In-Sb: T.J.Anderson, Calphad 18 (1994) 206
In-Si: R.W.Olesinski, N.Kanani, G.J.Abbaschian, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags.6 (1985) 128-130
In-Sn: I.Ansara, S.G.Fries, H.-L.Lukas, unpublished work
In-Zn: B.J.Lee, Calphad 20 (1996) 471-480
Mg-Mn: J.Tibballs, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.215-217
Mg-Ni: M.Jacobs, COST 507 report (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.218-220
Mg-Si: H.Heufel, T.Godecke, H.-L.Lukas, F.Sommer, J.Alloys and Cpds. 247 (1997) 31-42
Mg-Y: H.L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p 224-226.
Mg-Zn: R.Agarwal, S.G.Fries, H.-L.Lukas, et al., Z.Metallkde. 83 (1992) 216-223
Mg-Zr: M.Hamalainen, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.234-235
Mn-Ni: NPL, unpublished work, 1989
Mn-Pb: A.T.Dinsdale, D.D.Gohil, NPL, unpublished work, 1987
Mn-Si: J.E.Tibballs, SI Norway, 1991, Rep. 890221-5
Mn-Ti: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.241-244
Mn-V: W.Huang, Metall.Trans. 22A (1991) 1911-1920
Mn-Zr: K.Hack, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.245-248
Nb-Ti: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.256-260
Nb-V: K.C.H.Kumar, P.Wollants, L.Delaey, Calphad 18 (1994) 71-79
Nb-Zr: A.F.Guillermet, Z.Metallkde 82 (1991) 478-487
Ni-P: NPL, unpublished work, 1989
Ni-Si: M.Lindholm, B.Sundman, Metall.Trans. 26A (1996) 2897-2903
Ni-Ti: C.S.Oh, J.Korean Inst.Met.Mater. 33 (1995) 129-136
Ni-V: J.Korb, K.Hack, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.261-263
Ni-Y: Zhenmin Du, and Weijing Zhang, Report F-96-07, May 1996,
University of Science and Technology, Beijing.
Ni-Zr: G Ghosh, J.Mater.Res. 9 (1994) 598-616 (amended version)
P-Sb: I.Ansara, C.Chatillon, Calphad 18 (1994) 208
P-Si: NPL, unpublished work, 1989
Pb-Sb: H.Ohtani, K.Okuda, K.Ishida, J.Phase Equilibria 16 (1995) 416-429
Pb-Si: R.W.Olesinski, G.J.Abbaschian, Bull.Alloy Phase Diags. 5 (1984) 271-273
Pb-Sn: Based on H.Ohtani, K.Okuda, K.Ishida, J.Phase Equilib.16 (1995) 416-429
Pb-Zn: T.Jantzen, P.J.Spencer, Calphad 22 (1998) 417-434
Sb-Si: R.W.Olesinski, G.J.Abbaschian, Bull. Alloy Phase Diags. 6 (1985) 445-448
Sb-Sn: C.S.Oh, J.H.Shim, B.J.Lee, D.N.Lee, J.Alloys and Cpds. 238 (1996) 155-166
Sb-Zn: L.A.Zabdyr, Calphad 21 (1997) 349-358
Si-Sn: M.H.G.Jacobs, P.J.Spencer, Calphad 20 (1996) 89-91
Si-Ti: H.Seifert, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.266-269
Si-V: M.H.Rand, COST 507 (1994), ISBN 2-87263-156-9, p.182
Si-Y: H.L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8 p 274-277.
Si-Zn: M.H.G.Jacobs, P.J.Spencer, Calphad 20 (1996) 307-320
Si-Zr: C.Gueneau, C.Servant, I.Ansara, N.Dupin, Calphad 18 (1994) 319-327
Sn-Ti: F.Hayes, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.284-287
Sn-Zn: S.Fries, H.-L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.288-289
Sn-Zr: J.Korb, K.Hack, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.290-292
Ti-V: N.Saunders, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p.297-298
Ti-Zr: H.Kumar, P.Wollants, L.Delaey, J.Alloys and Compounds, (1994) p.121-127
V-Zr: J.Korb, K.Hack, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p 303-304.
Y-Zr: H.Flandorfer, J.Groebner, A.Stamou, N.Hassiotis, A.Saccone, P.Rogl, R.Wouters,
H.J.Seifert, D.Maccio, R.Ferro, G.Haidemenopoulos, L.Delaey, G.Effenberg,
Z.Metallkde., 88 (1997) 529-538.
Other Ternary Parameters (assessed parameters for certain phases only – click on “List of optimized systems and calculated binary phase diagrams” for details.)
Al-Mg-Si: H.Feufel, T.Goedecke, H.L.Lukas, F.Sommer, J.Alloys & Cpds. 247 (1997) 31-42.
Al-Mg-Zn: P.Liang, T.Tarfa, J.A.Robinson, S.Wagner, P.Ochin, M.G.Harmelin, H.J.Seifert,
H.L.Lukas, F.Aldinger, Thermochim. Acta 314 (1998) 87-110
Al-Si-Zn: M.Jacobs, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p 346. (No ternary coeffs.)
Al-Sn-Zn: H.L.Lukas, COST 507 (1998) ISBN 92-828-3902-8, p 347-348.
Au-In-Pb: J.P.Nabot, Thesis, Grenoble, 1986.
Cr-Fe-Ni: Byeong-Joo Lee, private communication (2000).
Cr-Fe-V: B.J.Lee, TRITA-MAC 474, (1991).
Fe-Mn-Si: A.Forsberg, J.Agren, TRITA-MAC 483 (1992).
Fe-Ni-P: SGTE Solution Database, 1993.